Challenges
Society is facing tremendous planetary challenges, with climate change and biodiversity loss posing some of the greatest risks. To understand the drivers that regulate the stability and resilience of the Earth system, holistic cross-scale theories and perspectives are required. Such fundamental understanding is key for developing efficient adaptation and mitigation strategies in the future. Therefore, climate research is challenged to deliver seamless concepts through interdisciplinary and integrative research designs by combining theoretical concepts, state-of-the-art modelling approaches, simplified scaling theories and in-situ observations.